When the established knowledge is challenged by new discoveries, a lot of time, discussions, and efforts are needed to accept new concepts, particularly when they are so revolutionary towards what has been taught over centuries. The new concepts of cardiac anatomy and physiology are based on the observations made by Francisco Torrent-Guasp, in particular on his discovery of the helical ventricular myocardial band. Helical ventricular myocardial band, Cardiac embryology, Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary valve regurgitation, Ventriculo-arterial discordance 1 Introduction The new concepts of cardiac anatomy and function proposed by Francisco Torrent-Guasp, based on his observations, should stimulate further investigations of alternative surgical strategies by individuals involved with the management of patients with congenital heart defects. The variety and complexity of congenital heart defects make the recognition of the relationship between form and function a vital component, especially when compared to acquired disease. Changes in size and function of either ventricle may influence the performance of the other ventricle. #To heart 2 torrent seriesThe functional interaction of right and left ventricles occurs not only through their arrangements in series but also thanks to the structural spiral features. The potential impact of the Torrent-Guasp's Heart on congenital heart defects have been analyzed in the following settings: ventriculo-arterial discordance (transposition of the great arteries), double (atrio-ventricular and ventriculo-arterial) discordance (congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries), Ebstein's anomaly, pulmonary valve regurgitation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, Ross operation, and complex intra-ventricular malformations. The new concepts of cardiac anatomy and physiology, based on the observations made by Francisco Torrent-Guasp's discovery of the helical ventricular myocardial band, can be useful in the context of the surgical strategies currently used to manage patients with congenital heart defects.
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